Salud bucal y factores de riesgo en campesinos de la comunidad rural La Picadora, Yaguajay, Sancti Spíritus

Fundamento: El panorama económico y epidemiológico ha repercutido en la salud bucal de las comunidades rurales. Objetivo: Describir el estado de salud bucal, así como identificar factores de riesgo en 16 campesinos de la comunidad rural La Picadora. Metodología: En 2022 se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en 16 campesinos de la comunidad rural La Picadora, Yaguajay, Sancti Spíritus. Se hicieron entrevistas y examen bucal. Se calcularon indicadores epidemiológicos estomatológicos en el SPSS 16 y se resumieron los factores de riesgo mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El índice de COP-D fue de 10.7 con predominio de dientes perdidos, el índice gingival fue de 1.4 y el de placa bacteriana de 1.0. Fue frecuente el desgaste de incipiente a moderado en menores de 60 años y de moderado a severo en mayores de 60 años. El 75 % de la muestra presentó oclusión normal o maloclusión mínima y el 94 % necesitó rehabilitación protésica. El 81.2 % consumió bebidas alcohólicas en los últimos 30 días, el 62.5 % ha fumado o fuma actualmente, el 87.5 % refirió el cepillado diario menor de 3 veces y el 43.8 % no asistió al estomatólogo en los últimos 10 años. Conclusiones: Se identificó la necesidad de atención estomatológica, así como la urgencia de acciones de prevención y promoción en esta comunidad.

Background: The economic and epidemiological panorama has impacted on oral health in rural communities. Objective: To describe the oral health status, as well as to identify risk factors in 16 farmers from the La Picadora rural community. Methodology: In 2022, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 farmers in the La Picadora rural community, Yaguajay, Sancti Spíritus. Interviews and oral examination were performed. Stomatological epidemiological indicators in SPSS 16 were calculated and risk factors were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: The COP-D index was 10.7 with a predominance of missing teeth, The COP-D index was 10.7 with a predominance of missing teeth, the gingival index was 1.4 and the bacterial plaque index was 1.0. Incipient to moderate wear was frequent in people under 60 years of age and moderate to severe in over 60 years of age. 75% of the sample presented normal occlusion or minimal malocclusion and 94% required prosthetic rehabilitation. 81.2% consumed alcoholic beverages in the last 30 days, 62.5% have smoked or currently smokes, 87.5% referred the daily brushing less than 3 times a day and 43.8% did not attend a stomatologist in the last 10 years. Conclusions: The need for stomatological attention, was identified, as well as the urgency for prevention and promotion actions in this community.

Epidemiological Determinants of Depression among the Geriatric Population Residing in a Slum of Urban India: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Worldwide interest in geriatric depression has increased but studies to assess the depression among the elderly population in urban slums has hardly been done. So this study would shed light on the risk factors of depression among geriatrics in urban slums. Aim & Objective: To study the epidemiological determinants such as age, marital status, education, financial dependency, economic status and chronic illness in relation to of depression among the geriatric population (60–80 years). Settings and Design: Community-based, cross-sectional study for 24 months with a samplesize of 209. Methods & Material: Urban slum area represented by one health post was selectedas the study area which caters to around 96,630 slum residents. Pre-tested semi-structuredinterviews were conducted after selecting households by systematic random sampling. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. A chi-square test was applied. Result: The present study shows overall prevalence of depression among the elderly above 60 years of age to be 48.6%. Depression is found to been significantly associated with an increase in age, living alone (72.7%), lower class economic status (100%), financial dependency (54%), history of chronic family illness (54.7%) and with no formal education (62.1%) among elderly dwelling in slums. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of depression in the community and hence, a need to sensitize Primary level Health Care Services to institute screening tests considering the association of these determinants with depression and link them to specialized services for further management.

Grupo LGBTQIA+ em uma unidade de saúde da família da zona norte do Rio de Janeiro: um relato de experiência / LGBTQIA+ group in a primary health care unit in the north area of Rio de Janeiro: an experience report / Grupo LGBTQIA+ en una unidad de atención primaria del área norte de Rio de Janeiro: relato de una experiencia

Problema: A população de lésbicas, gays, transgênero, queer, intersexo, assexuados e demais possibilidades ­ LGBTQIA+, apesar da existência da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral LGBT, de 2011, ainda apresenta piores índices de saúde mental e vive experiências de preconceito e discriminação nas unidades de saúde. A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), por sua proximidade com o território, tem ferramentas para a abordagem comunitária, como grupos em saúde, espaços de troca de saberes, promoção de resiliência e identificação comunitária. Método: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, segundo as diretrizes Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE), como relato de experiência de um grupo em saúde voltado para a população LGBTQIA+ em uma unidade de saúde da Zona Norte do município do Rio de Janeiro. Coleta de dados no Google Acadêmico utilizando os termos: "serviços de saúde comunitária", "minorias sexuais e de gênero" e "acesso aos serviços de saúde", além de busca manual em literatura consolidada sobre o tema. Resultados: O grupo LGBTQIA+ foi criado em 2021, com base em uma demanda de um usuário transmasculino. Contou com coordenação multidisciplinar e manteve-se apesar da pandemia de COVID-19. Procedimentos de afirmação de gênero, experiências de preconceito e violência e histórico de transtornos de saúde mental eram temas abordados com frequência nos encontros. Impactos no processo de trabalho da unidade podem ser destacados com maior discussão de temas relativos à diversidade sexual e de gênero. Conclusão: Permanece sendo um desafio a manutenção de grupos no cenário atual da APS, sobretudo aqueles voltados a populações marginalizadas, ainda mais vulnerabilizadas pela pandemia de COVID-19. A qualificação dos profissionais de saúde com relação a questões de diversidade de gênero e orientação sexual com atividades de educação permanente e a luta pela existência e permanência da população LGBTQIA+ nos serviços de saúde são temas urgentes para a consolidação do SUS.

Problem: The LGBTQIA+ population, despite the existence of the 2011 National LGBT Comprehensive Health Policy, still has worse mental health rates and experiences prejudice and discrimination in primary health care units. PHC, through its proximity to the territory, has tools for a community approach, such as health groups, spaces for exchanging knowledge, promoting resilience and community identification. Method: Qualitative, descriptive study, according to the SQUIRE guidelines, as an experience report of a health group focused on the LGBTQIA+ population in a health unit in the North Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection on Google Scholar using the terms: Community Health Services, Sexual and Gender Minorities, and Health Services Accessibility, in addition to manual search in consolidated literature on the subject. Results: The LGBTQIA+ Group was created in 2021, based on a demand from a trans male user. It had multidisciplinary coordination and was maintained despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender reassignment procedures, experiences of prejudice and violence and history of mental health disorders were frequently addressed topics in the meetings. Impacts on the unit's work process can be highlighted with greater discussion of themes related to sexual and gender diversity. Conclusions: Maintaining groups in the current scenario of PHC remains a challenge, especially those aimed at marginalized populations, made even more vulnerable by the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualification of health professionals in relation to issues of gender diversity and sexual orientation with continuing education activities and the struggle for the existence and permanence of the LGBTQIA+ population in health services are urgent subjects for the consolidation of the SUS.

Problema: La población LGBTQIA+, a pesar de la existencia de la Política Nacional de Salud Integral LGBT, de 2011, aún presenta peores índices de salud mental y experimenta prejuicios y discriminación en las unidades de salud. La APS, por su cercanía al territorio, cuenta con herramientas para el abordaje comunitario, como grupos de salud, espacios de intercambio de saberes, fomento de la resiliencia e identificación comunitaria. Método: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, según las directrices SQUIRE, como relato de experiencia de un grupo de salud enfocado en la población LGBTQIA+ en una unidad de salud de la Zona Norte de la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Recopilación de datos en Google Scholar utilizando los términos: Servicios de Salud Comunitaria, Minorías Sexuales y de Género y Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud, además de una búsqueda manual en literatura consolidada sobre el tema. Resultados: El grupo LGBTQIA+ se creó en 2021, a partir de una demanda de un usuario transmasculino. Tuvo una coordinación multidisciplinaria y se mantuvo a pesar de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Los procedimientos de reasignación de género, las experiencias de prejuicio y violencia y los antecedentes de trastornos de salud mental fueron temas que se abordaron con frecuencia en las reuniones. Los impactos en el proceso de trabajo de la unidad se pueden resaltar con una mayor discusión de temas relacionados con la diversidad sexual y de género. Conclusión: Mantener los grupos en el escenario actual de APS sigue siendo un desafío, especialmente aquellos dirigidos a poblaciones marginadas, aún más vulnerables por la pandemia de COVID-19. La calificación de los profesionales de la salud en relación a las cuestiones de diversidad de género y orientación sexual con acciones de educación permanente y la lucha por la existencia y permanencia de la población LGBTQIA+ en los servicios de salud son temas urgentes para la consolidación del SUS.

Entrevista com Ana Paula Cupertino / Interview with Ana Paula Cupertino

Resumo Nesta entrevista à revista Saúde e Sociedade, a Dra. Cupertino faz um relato do seu engajamento para alcançar pessoas em situações desafiadoras como a pandemia de covid-19. O diálogo buscou conhecer experiências exitosas capazes de interromper ou reduzir a perpetuação das disparidades em saúde. Em sua trajetória profissional, perpassou pelo Instituto de Câncer de Wilmot (WIC), onde atua no momento, sempre apoiada em referências brasileiras importantes como Paulo Freire. No seu trabalho, percebe-se a utilização de estratégias que ultrapassam questões acadêmicas e trazem a comunidade para o protagonismo da pesquisa, permitindo que o processo de translação ocorra apropriadamente. Por fim, define as parcerias com países da América Latina como fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de ações de saúde direcionadas a imigrantes que vivem nos Estados Unidos, uma vez que a variável relações sociais é determinante para a saúde de uma comunidade. A fala da Dra. Cupertino revela, assim, um olhar distinto sobre realidades distantes, mas que podem contribuir para reflexões importantes em um mundo globalizado, no qual intercâmbios são cada vez mais frequentes.

Abstract In this interview with the journal Saúde e Sociedade, Dr. Cupertino talks about her actions to reach people under challenging situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The dialogue aimed to learn about successful experiences capable of erasing or reducing the perpetuation of health disparities. In her professional career, she worked at the Wilmot Cancer Institute (WIC), her current employer, always supported by important Brazilian references such as Paulo Freire. Her research work uses strategies that go beyond academic issues and bring the community to the forefront, enabling an accurate translation process. Finally, she considers the partnerships with Latin American countries as fundamental for developing health actions towards immigrants living in the United States, since the social relations variable is crucial for community health. Dr. Cupertino's testimony thus reveals a distinct look at distant realities, which can contribute to important reflections in a globalized world where exchanges are increasingly frequent.

Analysis of influencing factors of community elderly health services by general practitioners from the perspective of social ecology / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To identify the influencing factors for community elderly health services provided by general practitioners (GPs) using the social ecological theory, for reference in improving their participation and satisfaction.Methods:According to the social ecological theory, an ecological model for GPs to carry out community elderly health services was constructed from four levels: public policy ecology, community health service ecology, interpersonal relationship ecology, and individual characteristics ecology of general practitioners. A survey questionnaire was designed with six latent variables: public health policy support, public health service and basic medical service supply, doctor-patient relationship, individual participation and individual satisfaction. The questionnaire was distributed to 220 GPs from 11 primary healthcare institutions in Jiangsu province, China, who were randomly selected between October and November 2021. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses of the model were conducted using AMOS 25.0.Results:A total of 207 valid questionnaires were collected, and all the KMO values of the six latent variables were greater than 0.7, while the composite reliability values and average variance extracted values greater than 0.7 and 0.5, respectively. Both the reliability and validity of the data met the analysis requirements. Exploratory analysis revealed that public health policy support had a direct positive effect on both public health service and basic medical service supply (both effect sizes being 0.37). Public health service had a direct positive effect on doctor-patient relationship, individual participation and individual satisfaction (effect sizes being 0.52, 0.22, and 0.31, respectively). The direct effect of basic medical service supply on doctor-patient relationship was not significant (effect size being 0.03), but it had a direct positive effect on public health service (effect size being 0.46). Doctor-patient relationship had a direct positive effect on individual participation (effect size being 0.51), but its direct effect on individual satisfaction was not significant (effect size being 0.06). Individual participation had a direct positive effect on individual satisfaction (effect size being 0.52). Conclusions:By optimizing the public policy ecosystem, community health service ecosystem, and interpersonal relationship ecosystem, the participation and satisfaction of general practitioners can be systematically improved.

Demands for contracted family doctor service among un-contracted young and middle-aged residents in Shanghai Baoshan District / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the demands of contracted family doctor service among uncontracted young and middle-aged people in Shanghai Baoshan.Methods:An online questionnaire survey on demands of contracted family doctor service was conducted in June 2021 among 702 uncontracted residents aged 18-60 years from Shanghai Baoshan district selected by stratified random sampling method. The demands of contracted family doctor service, including digital health file, routine laboratory tests and imaging investigation;health promotion;service convenience; home service were surveyed, and the factors related the demands were analyzed with regression analysis.Results:The survey showed that the demands of service convenience (3.8(3.0, 5.0)) and home service (4.0(3.0, 5.0)) were higher, while those of digital health file (3.0(2.0, 5.0)) and health promotion (3.0(2.0, 5.0)) were relatively lower. There were significant differences in the demands of all five contracted services among residents with different gender, age, education level, household register and family income (all P<0.05); while for young residents with different types of medical insurance there was significant difference in demands of all contracted services except digital health file (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that female( OR=1.83, P<0.001), high educational level( OR=4.81, P=0.019), household registered in Shanghai( OR=1.80, P=0.004)had higher demand for service convenience; female gender( OR=1.68, P=0.001), high educational level( OR=4.56, P=0.023)had higher demand for home service demands. Conclusion:The demands for contracted family doctor services are different among the uncontracted young and middle-aged people in Baoshan district, while the service convenience is generally most demanded. The study indicates that the contracted family doctor service should be provided accordingly.

Influencing factors and effectiveness of community follow-up in patients with cardiac implantable electronic device / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To explore the influencing factors and effectiveness of community follow-up in patients with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation.Method:A total of 132 patients who received CIED implantation in the Department of Cardiology of Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from February 2021 to February 2022 were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Among them 33 patients were followed up in community health service centers associated with Tongren Hospital (community follow-up group) and 99 matched patients were followed up in the CIED outpatient clinic of the hospital (outpatient follow-up group) with a ratio of 1∶3. The clinical data of the selected patients were collected through a questionnaire survey; the follow-up data were extracted through the CarelinkExpress electronic follow-up platform and the CIED outpatient information system of Tongren Hospital. Adjustment of the treatment protocol or CIED parameters at follow-up, and the referral from the community health service centers were defined as visit with-an-action (VWA). The endpoint of follow-up was the occurrence of major adverse events. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing patient selection for community follow-up.Results:The univariate analysis showed that the frequency of visits to community health service centers and the service contracting rate in community follow-up group were higher than those of outpatient follow-up group ( P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the contracted community physician service was an independent influencing factor of patient choosing community follow-up ( OR=2.143, 95% CI: 1.103-4.166, P=0.025). A total of 469 visits of followed up occurred in 132 patients, including 45 community visits and 424 outpatient visits. VWA accounted for 22.2% (10/45) in the community follow-up group, and 17.2% (73/424) in the outpatient follow-up group ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the safety and effectiveness indicators (VWA, major adverse events, and unplanned follow-up) between the two groups ( P>0.05). More patients in the community follow-up group walked to the hospital than the outpatient follow-up group ( P<0.05);and the main transportation for the later was by bus or taxi(42(42.4%)or 41(41.4%)). The average waiting time in the community follow-up group was significantly shorter than that in outpatient follow-up group ( P<0.05). The total time required for a single follow-up in the community follow-up group was 50.0 (45.0, 59.5) minutes, which was significantly shorter than that in the routine outpatient follow-up group (107.0 (90.0, 135.0) minutes, P<0.05). Conclusions:The contracting with community physicians is an independent influencing factor for CIED implanted patients to choose community follow-up. The safety and effectiveness of community follow-up are comparable to routine outpatient follow-up, and community follow-up is more convenient.

Exploration and practice of TEST teaching mode for general practice residency training in the community teaching base / 中华全科医师杂志

From November 2020 to November 2021, the TEST(Task-Experience- Supervise-Thinking) teaching model was adopted for general practice residency training in teaching clinic of Changfeng Health Service Center of Shanghai Putuo district. The satisfaction of mentors, residents and patients was surveyed with self-assessment questionnaire. The satisfaction scores of mentors, residents and patients were (79.89±0.40), (79.96±0.19) and (49.92±0.40). The adaption of model TEST in teaching clinic is more effective in training of clinical competency, communication ability, management ability and narrative ability for general practice residents. It is also beneficial for mentors to upgrade their teaching ability, as well as for patients to improve their experience and satisfaction for seeking medical service. It is worth popularizing in the community practice base of general resident training.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of general practitioners in managing common psychological problems in Shenzhen / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of general practitioners (GPs) in Shenzhen towards managing patients with common mental health problems.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study, from September 19 to October 31, 2020, 500 GPs from 100 community health centers (CHC) in 10 districts of Shenzhen municipality were randomly selected as the research subjects by stratified random sampling; the survey was conducted by self-filled questionnaire, which included general conditions, knowledge tests of common psychological problems (generalized anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, panic attacks, sleep disorders), GPs′ attitudes to take care of common psychological problems, and GPs′ practice of caring for common psychological problems.Results:A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed and 329 valid ones were collected. In terms of knowledge, GPs had the highest accuracy of answering the characteristics of depressive disorder (97.3%, 320/329), and the lowest accuracy of case analysis of panic attacks (50.2%, 165/329). In terms of attitude, 71.1%(234/329)of GPs agreed that "common psychological problems should be taken care of",there was a statistically significant difference in attitude scores among GPs with different years of working in CHC ( Z=14.60, P=0.006). In terms of practice, the most encountered mental health problem was insomnia (91.2%, 300/329), 46.5% (153/329) of GPs would use psychological assessment scales, 52.9% (174/329) of GPs would choose direct referral, and there were statistically significant differences in attitude scores among GPs with different years of working ( Z=10.70, P=0.030) and years of working in CHC ( Z=22.14, P<0.001). Conclusions:GPs have a positive attitude in taking care of common psychological problems, but lack of knowledge and confidence. As working in CHC for more years, GPs are more inclined to care for patients with common psychological problems in practice.

Demand and supply of community-based care services for the elderly in China and its influencing factors / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To explore the demand and actual supply of community-based care services for the elderly residents and the factors that affecting care mode for them in the context of rapid urbanization and population aging in China.Methods:Based on the cross-sectional data of the seventh China Longitudinal Survey on Health and Longevity(CLHLS)(2018), 15 854 elderly residents aged 60 and above were selected as the research population.Logistic regression method was used to analyze the patterns of community-based care services and their influencing factors.Results:Among 15 854 elderly residents, 6 912(43.60%)were male and 8 942(56.40%)were female.The results of activities of daily living(ADL)evaluation showed that 11 109 elderly residents could take care of themselves completely, and 3 889 elderly residents were disabled.The disability rate was 25.93%.The proportion of social services that elderly town dwellers expect the community to provide is higher than those living in cities and rural areas in terms of daily care, spiritual care, providing health care knowledge, and dealing with neighborhood disputes.From the perspective of social services actually provided by the community, in addition to providing home-based care, the proportion of community services available to the elderly living in towns and rural areas are similar, but significantly lower than the proportion of social services provided for elderly city dwellers.Age, marital status, residence, cultural differences, health status, source of life and living preference had significant impacts on the choice of care demand patterns.Those of older age( OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.04-5.03 for 70-79 years old; OR=2.94, 95% CI: 1.38-6.25 for elderly 80 years old or above), having no spouse( OR=3.50, 95% CI: 2.49-4.92), and with higher levels of disability( OR=4.24, 95% CI: 3.12-5.77 for mild disability; OR=7.54, 95% CI: 5.19-10.95 for moderate disability; OR=10.50, 95% CI: 7.59-14.53 for severe disability)are more inclined to choose socialized care. Conclusions:In the process of rapid urbanization in China, the demands for care services of elderly living in towns has increased, but the actual care services provided for them by the communities are yet to be improved.Moreover, elderly town dwellers are still inclined to family care, the same as those of elderly rural dwellers.

Bottom-up innovative responses to COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean: addressing deprioritized populations / Respuestas innovadoras a la COVID-19 generadas desde la base en América Latina y el Caribe: abordaje de grupos poblacionales desatendidos / Respostas inovadoras de baixo para cima à COVID-19 na América Latina e no Caribe com foco em populações não priorizadas

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify and describe innovative initiatives implemented as a response to the interruption of health services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods. This was a descriptive study that reviewed 34 initiatives implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in LAC to address health services needs among deprioritized groups. The review of initiatives included four phases: a call for submissions of innovative initiatives from LAC countries; a selection of initiatives that had the ability to address health services gaps and that were innovative and effective; systematization and cataloging of the selected initiatives; and a content analysis of the information collected. Data were analyzed from September to October 2021. Results. The 34 initiatives show important variations regarding the target populations, the stakeholders involved, level of implementation, strategies, scope, and relevance of the innovative initiative. There was also evidence of the emergence of a bottom-up set of actions in the absence of top-down actions. Conclusion. The findings of this descriptive review of 34 initiatives implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in LAC suggest that systematizing the strategies and lessons learned has the potential to expand learning for re-establishing and improving post-pandemic health services.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Detectar y describir iniciativas innovadoras instrumentadas como respuesta a la interrupción de los servicios de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo en el que se examinaron 34 iniciativas instrumentadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en ALC para hacer frente a las necesidades de servicios de salud en grupos poblacionales desatendidos. La revisión constó de cuatro fases: convocatoria para la presentación de iniciativas innovadoras por parte de los países de la Región; selección de iniciativas capaces de abordar las deficiencias en los servicios de salud y que fueran innovadoras y eficaces; sistematización y clasificación de las iniciativas seleccionadas; y análisis del contenido de la información recopilada. Los datos se analizaron entre septiembre y octubre del 2021. Resultados. Las 34 iniciativas presentan importantes diferencias en cuanto a los grupos poblacionales destinatarios, las partes interesadas implicadas, el grado de aplicación, las estrategias, el alcance y la pertinencia de la iniciativa innovadora. También se constató el surgimiento de un conjunto de acciones generadas desde la base como respuesta a la ausencia de medidas aplicadas de forma descendente. Conclusión. Los resultados de esta revisión descriptiva de 34 iniciativas aplicadas en ALC durante la pandemia de COVID-19 sugieren que la sistematización de las estrategias y las enseñanzas extraídas podría ser útil para ampliar el aprendizaje con vistas al restablecimiento y la mejora de los servicios de salud pospandémicos.

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar e descrever iniciativas inovadoras implementadas em resposta à interrupção dos serviços de saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19 na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC). Métodos. Este estudo descritivo analisou 34 iniciativas implementadas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 na ALC para atender às necessidades de serviços de saúde entre grupos que haviam perdido prioridade. A análise das iniciativas incluiu quatro fases: chamada pública para a apresentação de iniciativas inovadoras de países da ALC; seleção de iniciativas inovadoras e efetivas capazes de abordar lacunas nos serviços de saúde; sistematização e catalogação das iniciativas selecionadas; e análise de conteúdo das informações coletadas. Os dados foram analisados de setembro a outubro de 2021. Resultados. As 34 iniciativas apresentam variações importantes com relação às populações-alvo, partes interessadas envolvidas, nível de implementação, estratégias, escopo e relevância da iniciativa inovadora. Também houve evidências do surgimento de um conjunto de ações de baixo para cima (bottom-up) na ausência de ações de cima para baixo (top-down). Conclusão. Os resultados desta análise descritiva de 34 iniciativas implementadas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 nos países da ALC sugerem que a sistematização das estratégias e das lições aprendidas tem o potencial de ampliar as oportunidades de aprendizado para reestabelecer e aprimorar os serviços de saúde pós-pandemia.

Continuidade do cuidado a partir do hospital: interdisciplinaridade e dispositivos para integralidade na rede de atenção à saúde / Continuity of care from the hospital: interdisciplinarity and devices for integrality in health care networks

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a produção científica sobre a continuidade do cuidado e a integralidade da atenção, identificando dispositivos utilizados para essa construção a partir do hospital. A presente investigação é uma revisão integrativa realizada nos meses de junho e julho de 2021. Assim, para a seleção dos artigos, utilizou-se das bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, BDENF e Lis. Foram analisados 36 artigos. Da análise, emergiram três categorias: Cuidado em saúde e integralidade dentro do hospital; O enlace e as conexões na continuidade do cuidado; Redes de atenção à saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde e a continuidade do cuidado. A análise permitiu identificar estratégias/ferramentas sobre a organização do trabalho na dimensão micropolítica da produção do cuidado em saúde. Os principais dispositivos encontrados foram: alta segura, corridas de leitos, gestão da clínica, discussão de casos, linhas de cuidado, enfermeira de enlace, complexos reguladores, educação permanente e multidisciplinaridade. Concluiu-se que, embora alguns estudos se refiram a uma prática na rede de atenção à saúde ainda fragmentada, os dispositivos mencionados constituem-se em avanços em direção a um modelo de atenção baseado em linhas de cuidado dentro do hospital e para fora, buscando articulação com a rede de atenção à saúde.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze the scientific production on the continuity and comprehensiveness of care, identifying devices used for this construction starting from the hospital. This research is an integrative review carried out in June and July 2021. Thus, PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, BDENF, and Lis databases were used for the selection of articles. Thirty-six articles were analyzed. Three categories emerged from the analysis: Health care and comprehensiveness within the hospital; The linkage and connections in the continuity of care; Health care networks in the Unified Health System and continuity of care. The analysis allowed identifying strategies/tools on the organization of work in the micropolitical dimension of health care production. The main devices found were: safe discharge, bed races, clinic management, case discussion, care lines, liaison nurses, regulatory complexes, continuing education, and multidisciplinarity. It was concluded that, although some studies are related to a practice in the still fragmented health care network, the mentioned devices constitute advances towards a model of care based on lines of care within and outside the hospital seeking articulation with the health care network.

Satisfacción de los servicios de medicina alópata vs la medicina tradicional en Oaxaca, México / Satisfaction with Allopathic Medicine Services versus Traditional Medicine in Oaxaca, Mexico

Introducción: Se ha reportado baja satisfacción con la atención recibida en el primer y el segundo nivel de atención de instituciones públicas. Existe incremento del uso de la medicina tradicional. Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de satisfacción percibida por los pacientes que acuden a los servicios de medicina alópata y medicina tradicional. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y comparativo. La población estuvo constituida por pacientes que acudieron al Centro de Salud Urbano y curandero de medicina tradicional de la misma comunidad. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 344 personas, seleccionados por muestreo sistemático. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 40,6 años (DE=16,1), predominó el sexo femenino, los casados, con educación primaria y de religión católica. El padecimiento por el cual acudieron a los servicios de medicina alópata fue por consulta familiar y en la medicina tradicional por espanto. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entra la satisfacción medicina tradicional y alópata. Los pacientes reportan mayor satisfacción en los servicios de medicina tradicional. Conclusiones: Los pacientes perciben mayor satisfacción en la explicación, trato y tratamiento médico en la medicina tradicional(AU)

Introduction: Low satisfaction with the care received at the first and second levels in public institutions has been reported. There is an increase in the use of traditional medicine. Objective: To compare the level of satisfaction perceived by patients attending allopathic and traditional medicine services. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative study. The population consisted of patients attending the Urban Health Center and traditional medicine healer in the community of Oaxaca. The sample size was 344 people, selected by systematic sampling. Results: The mean age was 40.6 years (SD=16.1). There was a predominance of the female sex, married persons, with primary education and Catholic religion. The condition for which they sought allopathic medicine services was that they received family advice and, in traditional medicine, for fear. Significant differences were found between satisfaction with traditional and allopathic medicine. Patients report greater satisfaction in traditional medicine services. Conclusions: Patients perceive greater satisfaction in the explanation, treatment and medical treatment in traditional medicine(AU)

Sociological interpretation in general practice clinical thinking / 中华全科医师杂志

There are a large number of atypical symptoms and undifferentiated diseases in general practice, in which sociological factors are deeply involved. So to incorporate social factors into clinical thinking and to interpret disease from the perspective of the patient′s social life will enrich the multidisciplinary medical model and holistic care in general practice. This article shares author′s clinical experience through introducing typical cases, in which the patient′s social life and behavior characteristics played certain roles in disease development. The article also explores a new way from the sociological perspectives to interpret the complex symptoms that are difficult to be explained clinically by biomedicine or psychology.

Analysis of the awareness rate and the influencing factors of extended prescription policy of contracted residents in the outer suburbs of Shanghai / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the awareness rate of " 1+ 1+ 1" contracted residents in the outer suburbs of Shanghai on the extended prescription policy of the family doctor contract service, and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:From March to May, 2021, the cluster random sampling method was used to select one community health service center in Fengxian district, Shanghai, and a smart voice telephone assistant survey was conducted among the contracted residents aged 18 and above in the area, to understand their awareness of the extended prescription policy. χ2 Test was used for single factor analysis on the influence of different factors on the policy awareness of the contracted residents, while a multivariate analysis was performed by binary logistic regression, presenting P<0.05 as statistically significant. Results:A total of 13 495 " 1+ 1+ 1" contracted residents were surveyed via phone calls. Their awareness rate of extended prescription policy was 67.5% (9 115/13 495), while those with higher awareness rates were patients with ≥2 chronic diseases (92.3%), patients with 1 chronic disease (88.5%) and those aged 81 and above (88.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, marital status, the number of chronic diseases and signing duration were all independent factors influencing the awareness of extended prescription policy (all P<0.05), while whether the residents were key population groups presented no significant influence on the awareness of extended prescription policy ( P=0.431). Conclusions:The awareness rate of " 1+ 1+ 1" contracted residents in the outer suburbs of Shanghai to the extended prescription policy needs to be further improved and publicity should also be strengthened to extend the policy benefit coverage.

Exploration on the management path of home-based aging-medical care integration of family doctor teams / 中华医院管理杂志

Under the background that the family doctor teams undertake the evaluation function of long-term care insurance for the elderlies living at home, it is imperative to further improve the efficiency of its integrated aging-medical care by strengthening the management. The Huacao community health service center and Hongqiao community health service center in Minhang District of Shanghai explored the construction of a family doctor′s home-based aging care management path, a practice launched since February 2021. This path was mainly designed with the entry criteria, management requirements for various services and evaluation indicators, with a service path form formulated on such basis. The form covered three stages: that before the on-site service, that on the day of the on-site service and that after the on-site service. Each stage was subdivided into three dimensions: the work content of the main aging-medical care, the key works of family doctors and the key works of assistant nurses. The implementation of this management path can enable such teams to provide further refined, standardized and procedural aging-medical care services, avoid service delays, improve service quality and management efficiency, and improve the utilization efficiency of health resources.

A qualitative study on the feasibility of contracted nursing services for disabled persons / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of contracted nursing services for disabled persons.Methods:A qualitative study on the feasibility of contracted nursing services for disabled persons was conducted from August 2020 to October 2020 with the phenomenological method. Community nurses were selected with the purpose of sampling method from Yuetan and Baizhifang Community Health Service Centers in Beijing Xicheng District for semi-constructed interviews, and 12 community nurses were finally interviewed according to the principle of information saturation. The research team took field notes, audio recordings and transcriptions of the interviews, coded to refine the themes, and fed back with the respondents to confirm the accuracy of the themes.Results:All the interviewed nurses thought that the contents of basic medical and public health required by the Guidance manual of contracted services of family doctors for disabled persons (the manual) including basic documentation, appointments, pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis services, home care, rehabilitation nursing guidance, referral services and extended nursing services for the disabled and their families could be completed. All interviewees said that the manual had a guiding role in contracted services for disabled persons. Eight interviewed nurses believed that the manual involved referral services and rehabilitation care, but the technical guidance content did not meet the actual work needs and it should be supplemented and improved; 9 interviewees pointed out that there was a lack of communication with various types of disabled people in service practice, especially for those with vision, hearing, mental disabilities and disabled children; 7 interviewees said that it the free home care for the disabled was not sustainable. Conclusion:The contracted nursing services for disabled persons are feasible and the manual has a guiding role for the practice,and some contents need to be added in the manual to further improve service capacity for disabled people.

Influencing factors of visits of residents to contracted family doctors in a Beijing community / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors related to visiting rate of residents to contracted family doctors in a community health service center in Beijing.Methods:One thousand patients with contracted family doctor services who visited our center from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected for retrospective analysis. According to the corresponding visiting rate of contracted family doctors,patients were divided into low corresponding visiting rate, medium corresponding visiting rate and high corresponding visiting rate, and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results:Among the 1 000 patients, 481 (48.1%) were in the high corresponding visiting rate group, 342 (34.2%) in the middle corresponding visiting rate group, and 177 (17.7%) in the low corresponding visiting rate group. Univariate analysis showed that the corresponding visit rate was significantly associated with the age, marital status and educational level of patients, history of hypertension, the number of family doctor visits, the total visiting time and the consultation time per year (χ 2=12.55, 12.42, 7.69, 21.69, 253.97, 49.54, 9.07, all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the high corresponding visiting rate group, fewer of family doctor visits ( OR=0.68, 95 %CI: 0.58-0.78), lower education level( OR=0.65, 95 %CI: 0.46-0.92), history of hypertension ( OR=0.09, 95 %CI: 0.02-0.49), and 18-65 years old( OR=1.80, 95 %CI: 1.27-2.55) were the influencing factors for the low corresponding family doctor visiting rate(all P<0.05); while fewer of family doctor visits( OR=0.91, 95 %CI: 0.83-0.99),lower education level ( OR=0.74, 95 %CI: 0.55-0.98)and history of hypertension( OR=0.09, 95 %CI: 0.02-0.44)were the related factors of the medium corresponding visiting rate(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The visiting rate of patients to the contracted family doctor needs to be improved. The number of consultations of the contracted family doctor, educational background, history of hypertension, and age are the influencing factors of the corresponding visiting rate.

Intervention effect of health management with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine on risk factors in middle-aged and elderly high-risk population of stroke in the community / 中华全科医师杂志

From January to July 2017, 872 high-risk middle-aged and elderly patients of stroke who visited general practice clinics in 10 community health service centers in Shanghai were enrolled in the study. Cluster randomization was used to select 427 patients from 5 community centers as the intervention group, and 445 patients from other 5 community centers as the control group. The intervention group received health education and traditional Chinese exercise training on the basis of conventional treatment;while the control group received conventional treatment only. After 12 months of intervention physical examinations and related laboratory tests were performed,and the risk factors were compared between two groups before and after the intervention. The results showed that there were significant differences in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure,blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (Cr) and homocysteine before and after the intervention in both groups (all P<0.05); and compared the control group the improvement of above indicators was more marked in the intervention group. There was no significant difference in cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein between the two groups before and after the intervention ( P>0.05). The health management with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine can effectively control some risk factors of stroke for middle-aged and elderly people, which is beneficial for the prevention and control of stroke in the community.